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Upgrade to Microsoft Edge to take advantage of the latest features, security updates, and technical support. This topic explains how to use the command-line tool, Robocopy. By pre-seeding files before you set up DFS Replication, add a new replication partner, or replace a server, you can speed up initial synchronization and enable cloning of the DFS Replication database in Windows Server R2.

The Robocopy method is one of several pre-seeding methods; for an overview, see Step 1: pre-seed files for DFS Replication. The utility provides extensive options that include copying security, backup API support, retry capabilities, and logging.

Robocopy does not copy exclusively locked files. If users tend to lock many files for long periods on your file servers, consider using a different pre-seeding method.

To minimize lock conflicts, use Robocopy during non-peak hours for your organization. Always examine the Robocopy logs after pre-seeding to ensure that you understand which files were skipped because of exclusive locks. Because pre-seeding does not directly involve DFS Replication, you only need to meet the requirements for performing a file copy with Robocopy. You need an account that's a member of the local Administrators group on both the source and destination servers.

Install the most recent version of Robocopy on the server that you will use to copy the files—either the source server or the destination server; you will need to install the most recent version for the operating system version. For instructions, see Step 2: Stabilize files that will be replicated. Unless you are pre-seeding files from a server running Windows Server R2, you can run Robocopy on either the source or destination server. The destination server, which typically has the more recent operating system version, gives you access to the most recent version of Robocopy.

Ensure that sufficient storage space is available on the destination drive. Do not create a folder on the path that you plan to copy to: Robocopy must create the root folder. When you decide how much space to allocate for the pre-seeded files, consider expected data growth over time and storage requirements for DFS Replication.

On the source server, optionally install Process Monitor or Process Explorer, which you can use to check for applications that are locking files. For download information, see Process Monitor and Process Explorer. Before you use Robocopy to pre-seed files, you should download and install the latest version of Robocopy.

This ensures that DFS Replication doesn't skip files because of issues within Robocopy's shipping versions. The source for the latest compatible Robocopy version depends on the version of Windows Server that is running on the server. Alternatively, you can locate and install the latest hotfix for an operating system by taking the following steps. After you install the latest version of Robocopy on the server, you should prevent locked files from blocking copying by using the methods described in the following table.

Most applications do not exclusively lock files. However, during normal operations, a small percentage of files might be locked on file servers. After you minimize locks on the files that will be replicated, you can pre-seed the files from the source server to the destination server.

You can run Robocopy on either the source computer or the destination computer. The following procedure describes running Robocopy on the destination server, which typically is running a more recent operating system, to take advantage of any additional Robocopy capabilities that the more recent operating system might provide. Sign in to the destination server with an account that's a member of the local Administrators group on both the source and destination servers.

To pre-seed the files from the source to destination server, run the following command, substituting your own source, destination, and log file paths for the bracketed values:. This command copies all contents of the source folder to the destination folder, with the following parameters:. We recommend that you use the parameters described above when you use Robocopy to pre-seed files for DFS Replication.

However, you can change some of their values or add additional parameters. For more information about Robocopy parameters, see the Robocopy command-line reference. To avoid potential data loss when you use Robocopy to pre-seed files for DFS Replication, do not make the following changes to the recommended parameters:.

After copying completes, examine the log for any errors or skipped files. Use Robocopy to copy any skipped files individually instead of recopying the entire set of files. If files were skipped because of exclusive locks, either try copying individual files with Robocopy later, or accept that those files will require over-the-wire replication by DFS Replication during initial synchronization. After you complete the initial copy, and use Robocopy to resolve issues with as many skipped files as possible, you will use the Get-DfsrFileHash cmdlet in Windows PowerShell or the Dfsrdiag command to validate the pre-seeded files by comparing file hashes on the source and destination servers.

Skip to main content. This browser is no longer supported. Table of contents Exit focus mode. Table of contents. Important Robocopy does not copy exclusively locked files. Note When you decide how much space to allocate for the pre-seeded files, consider expected data growth over time and storage requirements for DFS Replication. Note You can run Robocopy on either the source computer or the destination computer. Note We recommend that you use the parameters described above when you use Robocopy to pre-seed files for DFS Replication.

Submit and view feedback for This product This page. View all page feedback. Additional resources In this article. Employees connect to a standard file server and edit documents, multimedia content, or other files. Sometimes referred to as the traditional home folder or shared data workloads. Only perform Robocopy operations during off-peak, non-business hours. This minimizes the number of files that Robocopy must skip during pre-seeding. If you set permissions for a common group such as Everyone or Authenticated Users to READ, standard users might be less likely to open files with exclusive locks if their applications detect the Read-only access when files are opened.

You might also consider setting a temporary firewall rule for SMB port inbound to that server to block access to files or use the Block-SmbShareAccess cmdlet. However, both of these methods are very disruptive to user operations. Temporarily disable or uninstall the applications that are locking files.

You can use Process Monitor or Process Explorer to determine which applications are locking files. Specifies the path to the folder that will store the pre-seeded files. The destination folder must not already exist on the destination server.

To get matching file hashes, Robocopy must create the root folder when it pre-seeds the files. Copies all file information, including data, attributes, time stamps, the NTFS access control list ACL , owner information, and auditing information.

Specifies the log file to write. Overwrites the file's existing contents.